This article provides an overview of the major elements of a comprehensive manuscript review. The article also illustrates some of the basic responsibilities of the reviewer and describes some of the benefits and burdens associated with this role. Scholars may find this article useful as they conduct critical reviews of research papers.

The senior author (Dr. Isao Koshima) designed a tibial osseo-periosteal (TOP) flap. TOP flap has a favorable anatomical position with a thin skin around it, hence it is a good option for an island flap. TOP flap can be used for various mild to moderately sized osteo-cutaneous defects with low morbidity. In this article, the authors describe their experience of the first reported cohort of TOP flaps in clinical practice.

The study aims to assess the predictive values of certain psychological factors on the quality of life in patients with Head and Neck Cancer after radiotherapy. The authors conclude that the identification and the understanding of the depressive symptoms of patients, their beliefs about their illness as well as their coping strategies may provide the basis for timely implementation of appropriate intervention that may improve the quality of life in patients.

The author reports a case involving a 59-year-old man with delayed presentation of a huge mastoid cholesteatoma complicated by skull base erosion and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Delayed presentation of this disease entity can have negative health consequences for patients. Regular otologic examinations, audiologic follow-up, and imaging examinations are viewed as the most effective strategies for the prevention of this type of situation. Early recognition of cholesteatomas is essential, as appropriate and timely treatment can prevent this rare comorbid condition from becoming fatal.

The study identifies how current voice, cough, and daytime breathing problems affect mental and physical quality of life in obstructive sleep apnea patients, as well as how the combination of voice, cough, and diurnal dyspnea impacts quality of life.

Constraint-induced music therapy has been shown to enhance hearing recovery in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss by preventing maladaptive reorganization of the auditory cortex. This study was the second research to provide scientific evidence related to the neuroplasticity of the central auditory nervous system in response to constraint-induced acoustic rehabilitation.

The review article presents an expansive list of otolaryngology-specific surgical simulation training models as described in Otolaryngology literature as well as evaluates recent advances in simulation training in Otolaryngology.

Prof. Koushima, president of World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, proposes an innovative concept and technique of the multi-stage ‘Orochi’ combined flaps (sequential flaps in parallel). The technique opens a new vista in reconstructive microsurgery.

This is a case report with a comprehensively systematic review on juxtacortical chondrosarcoma in the head and neck area (HNJCS). According to the study, only nine cases of HNJCS have been adequately described. HNJCS have relatively consistent clinical and diagnostic profile regardless of location in the body. Surgical management yields excellent outcomes with low recurrence rates.

A higher titer of IA-2Ab reflects a reduced pancreatic size in the patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), especially in those with the acute-onset form of the disease. The potential mechanisms underlying the reduced pancreatic size might differ between acute-onset T1D and slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The authors investigated the relationship between islet autoimmunity and pancreatic size in the Japanese patients with T1D.